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27 : The Global eBook Market: Current Conditions & Future Projections as Amazon, Apple, and Google, as well as others—roll out new, cheaper devices. Recent years also included a boom in online book shops (with sales increasing by 24.5 percent). In 2011, online sales accounted for 9.7 percent of the total book trade And all of the major publishing houses had invested in their ebook catalogs. At that time, Mondadori, with an estimated catalog of 2,900 titles, had the largest ebook catalog, followed by RCS/Rizzoli (2,337 titles), GeMS (1,274 titles), and Feltrinelli (1,048 titles) (numbers as of the end of 2011, by Informazioni Italiani). Bestselling ebook titles at the end of 2011 included I contendenti (original title The Litigators) by John Grisham, Il diavolo, certamente by Andrea Camilleri, Tre atti e due tempi by Giorgio Faletti, and Un diamante da Ti any (original title Christmas at Ti any’s) by Karen Swan. The average retail price for ebooks in 2012 is €11.07 (compared to €11.18 in 2011) (source: AIE, provided for this report). A study by AIE for 2010 recorded an average ebook price of €11.38, with a discount of 45 percent compared to hardcover editions, implying an overall decrease in the average retail price level for ebooks. The VAT on ebooks has been raised from 20 percent to 21 percent in 2012, compared to 4 percent for printed books, which reduces the revenue of ebooks versus printed editions. a ecting its strongly branded French arm, Flammarion (to Gallimard in 2012). The Grupo MauriSpagnol, rebranded as GeMS a few years ago, expanded its reach. Both Mondadori and GeMS spearheaded digital devel- opments, each by setting up distribution platforms: Mondadori for its own purposes, and GeMS by forming a consortium, eDigita, with Flammarion and Feltrinelli. The catalog of available titles was expanded signi - cantly to over 30,000 by mid-2012. Almost 20,000 had been available as of the end of 2011, up from 1600 by the end of 2010. eBook sales, even though they cannot compensate for declining print revenue, are expected to rise signi cantly, as is the penetration of reading devices. According to the Italian publishers association, AIE, Italy has seen as of the end of 2011 an installed base of 533,000 ereaders and 858,000 tablets. (Editoria Italiana 2012, fact sheet, made available for this report by AIE). Amazon set up a localized Italian platform in December 2011 Google then followed suit. For the second half of 2012, Kobo has announced a partnership with Mondadori, and Barnes & Noble is expected to set up a branch in Italy as well. In terms of reading devices, Italian readers greatly prefer tablet computers over dedicated ereaders, which may add momentum to the ebook evolution, as all major players—notably, the international market leaders such Italy Key indicators Values Source, comments Book market size (p+e, at consumer prices) €3,408 million Publishers Association Titles published per year (new and successive editions) 58,829 Publishers Association New titles per 1 m inhabitants 977 Ebook titles (available from publishers) 33,000 (by end of 2011) Informazioni Editoriali and Publishers Association AIE Key market parameters

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27 : The Global eBook Market: Current Conditions & Future Projections as Amazon, Apple, and Google, as well as others—roll out new, cheaper devices. Recent years also included a boom in online book shops (with sales increasing by 24.5 percent). In 2011, online sales accounted for 9.7 percent of the total book trade And all of the major publishing houses had invested in their ebook catalogs. At that time, Mondadori, with an estimated catalog of 2,900 titles, had the largest ebook catalog, followed by RCS/Rizzoli (2,337 titles), GeMS (1,274 titles), and Feltrinelli (1,048 titles) (numbers as of the end of 2011, by Informazioni Italiani). Bestselling ebook titles at the end of 2011 included I contendenti (original title The Litigators) by John Grisham, Il diavolo, certamente by Andrea Camilleri, Tre atti e due tempi by Giorgio Faletti, and Un diamante da Ti any (original title Christmas at Ti any’s) by Karen Swan. The average retail price for ebooks in 2012 is €11.07 (compared to €11.18 in 2011) (source: AIE, provided for this report). A study by AIE for 2010 recorded an average ebook price of €11.38, with a discount of 45 percent compared to hardcover editions, implying an overall decrease in the average retail price level for ebooks. The VAT on ebooks has been raised from 20 percent to 21 percent in 2012, compared to 4 percent for printed books, which reduces the revenue of ebooks versus printed editions. a ecting its strongly branded French arm, Flammarion (to Gallimard in 2012). The Grupo MauriSpagnol, rebranded as GeMS a few years ago, expanded its reach. Both Mondadori and GeMS spearheaded digital devel- opments, each by setting up distribution platforms: Mondadori for its own purposes, and GeMS by forming a consortium, eDigita, with Flammarion and Feltrinelli. The catalog of available titles was expanded signi - cantly to over 30,000 by mid-2012. Almost 20,000 had been available as of the end of 2011, up from 1600 by the end of 2010. eBook sales, even though they cannot compensate for declining print revenue, are expected to rise signi cantly, as is the penetration of reading devices. According to the Italian publishers association, AIE, Italy has seen as of the end of 2011 an installed base of 533,000 ereaders and 858,000 tablets. (Editoria Italiana 2012, fact sheet, made available for this report by AIE). Amazon set up a localized Italian platform in December 2011 Google then followed suit. For the second half of 2012, Kobo has announced a partnership with Mondadori, and Barnes & Noble is expected to set up a branch in Italy as well. In terms of reading devices, Italian readers greatly prefer tablet computers over dedicated ereaders, which may add momentum to the ebook evolution, as all major players—notably, the international market leaders such Italy Key indicators Values Source, comments Book market size (p+e, at consumer prices) €3,408 million Publishers Association Titles published per year (new and successive editions) 58,829 Publishers Association New titles per 1 m inhabitants 977 Ebook titles (available from publishers) 33,000 (by end of 2011) Informazioni Editoriali and Publishers Association AIE Key market parameters

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26 : The Global eBook Market: Current Conditions & Future Projections Amazon opened its localized Spanish platform, the fth of its kind in Europe and the eighth worldwide, on September 14, 2011, with a catalog of about 300,000 titles in the Spanish language a Spanish Kindle shop is expected to follow before the end of 2011, triggering immediate strong concerns, notably by the publishers’ association FGEE, about Amazon’s future compliance with the Spanish legislation on regulated prices for both printed and electronic books, which Amazon acknowl- edges (see El Pais, September 15, 2011, for the FGEE concerns see Amazon’s reply here). Other market players from outside the book trade are expected to look for their piece of the ebook pie as well, including powerful Spanish telecommunications group Telefonica, which introduced its own dedicated reading device called the Movistar Ebook bq at the retail price of €169 and an online Movistar eBook store in June 2011. At this point, exports of ebooks—to Latin America, as well as to the US—have not gained relevance but are expected to grow. As of June 2011, Libranda started operations in Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, and Chile. Plans exist to include English titles in the Libranda catalog. Italy eBook sales in Italy in 2011 have been estimated by the Italian Publishers Association AIE at €3.7 million at cover prices, or 0.2 percent of the overall book market (Giornale delle libreria, March 3, 2012). The low overall penetration may hide more complex dynamics in the Italian market place. The European nancial crisis put the book market under severe pressure, with 2012 estimates predicting 10 percent lower overall book sales than 2011. Recent years have been characterized by signi cant changes in the performance of the largest publishing groups. The Mondadori group maintained its leading position, but RCS saw its presence diminishing, including the model of part-time works—distributing books together with popular magazines, at kiosks—diminishing, and even headline of “Palabras Mayores” the rst selections are commercially available in both Mobipocket and EPUB (with DRM) at the platform Leer. The rst emergence of an ebook market can be dated to 2010, with the launch of the dedicated B2B (business- to-business) ebook distribution platform Libranda. The venture is the initiative of a consortium of the three largest publishing groups—Planeta, Santillana, and Random House/Mondadori—with 15 publishers initially contributing titles and eight online stores serving the consumers. Libranda distributes titles in the EPUB format with Adobe DRM protection. By the end of 2010, Libranda had signed up 23 publishers and 98 imprints, representing more than half of the Spanish book market, plus distribution agreements with 56 retailers in Spain and an “indirect distribution agreement” with Barnes & Noble in the US. By September 2011, Libranda’s catalog contained 5,133 titles and was expected to expand to 10,000 titles by the end of 2011. Though Libranda, as a B2B ebook distribution plat- form, is estimated to own 60 percent of the Spanish ebook market, several other ventures have launched services, notably Publidisa (estimated market share of 20 percent) and Amabook (a platform with strong ties with several Latin American markets, including Mexico, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia 5 percent). The ebook distributor Leqtor went out of business. In addition to the three publishing conglomerates that initiated Libranda, several more are proposing ebook titles, including Maeva and Roca. For online retail direct to readers, the strongest brands are Casa del Libro, with its dedicated ebook section (o ering a current catalog of 4,458 titles and an estimated market share in ebooks of 45 percent) the Spanish branch of French retailer Fnac (with its own ebook bestseller chart and an estimated market share of 25 percent for ebooks), as well as El Corte Inglés, Europe’s largest general retailer, whose online o erings include a media section with books and music, with an estimated market share of ebooks at around 20 percent.

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26 : The Global eBook Market: Current Conditions & Future Projections Amazon opened its localized Spanish platform, the fth of its kind in Europe and the eighth worldwide, on September 14, 2011, with a catalog of about 300,000 titles in the Spanish language a Spanish Kindle shop is expected to follow before the end of 2011, triggering immediate strong concerns, notably by the publishers’ association FGEE, about Amazon’s future compliance with the Spanish legislation on regulated prices for both printed and electronic books, which Amazon acknowl- edges (see El Pais, September 15, 2011, for the FGEE concerns see Amazon’s reply here). Other market players from outside the book trade are expected to look for their piece of the ebook pie as well, including powerful Spanish telecommunications group Telefonica, which introduced its own dedicated reading device called the Movistar Ebook bq at the retail price of €169 and an online Movistar eBook store in June 2011. At this point, exports of ebooks—to Latin America, as well as to the US—have not gained relevance but are expected to grow. As of June 2011, Libranda started operations in Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, and Chile. Plans exist to include English titles in the Libranda catalog. Italy eBook sales in Italy in 2011 have been estimated by the Italian Publishers Association AIE at €3.7 million at cover prices, or 0.2 percent of the overall book market (Giornale delle libreria, March 3, 2012). The low overall penetration may hide more complex dynamics in the Italian market place. The European nancial crisis put the book market under severe pressure, with 2012 estimates predicting 10 percent lower overall book sales than 2011. Recent years have been characterized by signi cant changes in the performance of the largest publishing groups. The Mondadori group maintained its leading position, but RCS saw its presence diminishing, including the model of part-time works—distributing books together with popular magazines, at kiosks—diminishing, and even headline of “Palabras Mayores” the rst selections are commercially available in both Mobipocket and EPUB (with DRM) at the platform Leer. The rst emergence of an ebook market can be dated to 2010, with the launch of the dedicated B2B (business- to-business) ebook distribution platform Libranda. The venture is the initiative of a consortium of the three largest publishing groups—Planeta, Santillana, and Random House/Mondadori—with 15 publishers initially contributing titles and eight online stores serving the consumers. Libranda distributes titles in the EPUB format with Adobe DRM protection. By the end of 2010, Libranda had signed up 23 publishers and 98 imprints, representing more than half of the Spanish book market, plus distribution agreements with 56 retailers in Spain and an “indirect distribution agreement” with Barnes & Noble in the US. By September 2011, Libranda’s catalog contained 5,133 titles and was expected to expand to 10,000 titles by the end of 2011. Though Libranda, as a B2B ebook distribution plat- form, is estimated to own 60 percent of the Spanish ebook market, several other ventures have launched services, notably Publidisa (estimated market share of 20 percent) and Amabook (a platform with strong ties with several Latin American markets, including Mexico, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia 5 percent). The ebook distributor Leqtor went out of business. In addition to the three publishing conglomerates that initiated Libranda, several more are proposing ebook titles, including Maeva and Roca. For online retail direct to readers, the strongest brands are Casa del Libro, with its dedicated ebook section (o ering a current catalog of 4,458 titles and an estimated market share in ebooks of 45 percent) the Spanish branch of French retailer Fnac (with its own ebook bestseller chart and an estimated market share of 25 percent for ebooks), as well as El Corte Inglés, Europe’s largest general retailer, whose online o erings include a media section with books and music, with an estimated market share of ebooks at around 20 percent.

28 : The Global eBook Market: Current Conditions & Future Projections books in digital formats.” eDigita serves a broad selection of Italian online retailers, including Mondadori’s bol.it site. In its announcement, eDigita stated that it expected the Italian ebook market to grow to a volume of €60 to €70 million by 2015. Mondadori (and Telecom Italia) Mondadori, Italy’s largest publishing group, set o another strong spark under the emerging market by announcing a distribution agreement with Italy’s Telecom in October 2010, with Telecom and its ebook store Biblet, adding some initial 1,200 titles from Mondadori imprints (800 backlist plus 400 new titles, from Mondadori, Einaudi, Sperling & Kupfer, and Piemme). Biblet o ers ebooks in EPUB and PDF format, with DRM protection. With retail prices under €12 to €14 for many trade titles, and many o ers even lower, the venture shows a remarkably competitive approach to pricing. In May 2011, another agreement was announced, bringing together Mondadori with Vodafone Italy for the creation of a “digital tablet kiosk.” With Italians being strong early adopters of Apple’s iPad (reportedly 300,000 units were sold in Italy by October 2010, according to the online journal Publishing Perspective (October 2010), the open question of reading platforms—between tablets and E Ink–based reading devices—is crucial for Mondadori, which has signi cant revenue from magazines and newspapers as well as book publishing. Sweden When it comes to books, Sweden has a strong reputation of di ering from what observers expect to see in a highly industrialized and technologically advanced market and, at the same time, a model for a balanced society founded on civic and democratic values and a social welfare state. Swedish—and Nordic—literature became world famous and staggeringly successful worldwide for serial murder novels and conspiracies by the rich, with Almost all commercially released ebooks come with DRM protection. The more broadly de ned digital publishing market, notably including revenue from databases and various sources of Internet-based sales, accounted for revenues of €150 million in 2011 (up from €125.6 million in 2010, with database sales and related services increasing signi cantly (AIE). The emerging market of ebooks may confront an additional challenge from piracy, according to the pub- lishers’ association AIE, which found in February 2012 that three out of four bestselling titles are also available in pirated editions. Overall, the organization’s research found approximately 20,000 pirated titles on 100 illegal sites. Since 2011, ebooks and ebook distribution have been gaining high visibility in professional debates, media coverage, and promotions at major book fairs such as the Salon in Torino, while ebooks have overall been considered less of a threat to the book industry than was the case in other large European markets, notably in Germany. Distribution The relevant domestic distribution platforms include (in alphabetical order) Bookrepublic, Edigita, Mondadori, and Stealth (Simplicissimus Book Farm), while also a number of domestic platforms operate online book stores, notably IBS, Bookrepublic, Bol, Feltrinelli, Mediaworld, Ultima Books (Simplicissimus Book Farm), and Hoepli. eDigita Three publishing companies—GeMS/Messaggerie, Rcs, and Feltrinelli, representing a combined market share of about 30 percent of Italian trade publishing—took the initiative in May 2010 and joined forces to create a con- sortium platform for the distribution of ebooks, branded eDigita, which claims to o er a solution “from publishers to publishers, for the emergence and development of

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28 : The Global eBook Market: Current Conditions & Future Projections books in digital formats.” eDigita serves a broad selection of Italian online retailers, including Mondadori’s bol.it site. In its announcement, eDigita stated that it expected the Italian ebook market to grow to a volume of €60 to €70 million by 2015. Mondadori (and Telecom Italia) Mondadori, Italy’s largest publishing group, set o another strong spark under the emerging market by announcing a distribution agreement with Italy’s Telecom in October 2010, with Telecom and its ebook store Biblet, adding some initial 1,200 titles from Mondadori imprints (800 backlist plus 400 new titles, from Mondadori, Einaudi, Sperling & Kupfer, and Piemme). Biblet o ers ebooks in EPUB and PDF format, with DRM protection. With retail prices under €12 to €14 for many trade titles, and many o ers even lower, the venture shows a remarkably competitive approach to pricing. In May 2011, another agreement was announced, bringing together Mondadori with Vodafone Italy for the creation of a “digital tablet kiosk.” With Italians being strong early adopters of Apple’s iPad (reportedly 300,000 units were sold in Italy by October 2010, according to the online journal Publishing Perspective (October 2010), the open question of reading platforms—between tablets and E Ink–based reading devices—is crucial for Mondadori, which has signi cant revenue from magazines and newspapers as well as book publishing. Sweden When it comes to books, Sweden has a strong reputation of di ering from what observers expect to see in a highly industrialized and technologically advanced market and, at the same time, a model for a balanced society founded on civic and democratic values and a social welfare state. Swedish—and Nordic—literature became world famous and staggeringly successful worldwide for serial murder novels and conspiracies by the rich, with Almost all commercially released ebooks come with DRM protection. The more broadly de ned digital publishing market, notably including revenue from databases and various sources of Internet-based sales, accounted for revenues of €150 million in 2011 (up from €125.6 million in 2010, with database sales and related services increasing signi cantly (AIE). The emerging market of ebooks may confront an additional challenge from piracy, according to the pub- lishers’ association AIE, which found in February 2012 that three out of four bestselling titles are also available in pirated editions. Overall, the organization’s research found approximately 20,000 pirated titles on 100 illegal sites. Since 2011, ebooks and ebook distribution have been gaining high visibility in professional debates, media coverage, and promotions at major book fairs such as the Salon in Torino, while ebooks have overall been considered less of a threat to the book industry than was the case in other large European markets, notably in Germany. Distribution The relevant domestic distribution platforms include (in alphabetical order) Bookrepublic, Edigita, Mondadori, and Stealth (Simplicissimus Book Farm), while also a number of domestic platforms operate online book stores, notably IBS, Bookrepublic, Bol, Feltrinelli, Mediaworld, Ultima Books (Simplicissimus Book Farm), and Hoepli. eDigita Three publishing companies—GeMS/Messaggerie, Rcs, and Feltrinelli, representing a combined market share of about 30 percent of Italian trade publishing—took the initiative in May 2010 and joined forces to create a con- sortium platform for the distribution of ebooks, branded eDigita, which claims to o er a solution “from publishers to publishers, for the emergence and development of

Page 6English-Language and Other eBook Markets click to expand contents

Page 14Market Close-ups click to expand contents

Page 53Key Drivers and Debates click to expand contents

Page 66eBook Piracy in Europe: The Example and Debate in Germany, and Related Findings click to expand contents

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